When Stroke Affects Swallowing Function

The deficits left behind by a stroke depend on the part on the brain where the stroke occurs. This is because the brain is functionally compartmentalized so that different brain regions perform different functions (these "compartments" are relative as the brain has the capacity to reorganize itself after stroke and other insults). Several areas of the brain are involved in swallowing, and they are rather spread throughout multiple areas so that almost any stroke can affect this important function.

These areas include the cortex, subcortical white matter and the brainstem, but damage to the latter, typically causes the most damaging effects.

One of the major challenges posed by swallowing dysfunction (known as dysphagia) due to stroke is that it significantly affects recovery and prolongs hospital stays. This has been shown by several studies, and it can possibly be explained by the malnutrition that ensues early after stroke, when swallowing is most affected. Another important culprit appears to be the high incidence of lung infections, such as aspiration pneumonia, seen in people with dysphagia.

Recommended reading:
Difficulty Swallowing After Stroke
Areas of the brain involved in swallowing
The three phases of swallowing